Clinical Outcomes
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) represents a key intervention for advancing the management of diabetes and enhancing the patient experience. Importantly, pharmacy professionals remain instrumental in CGM access and related patient education efforts. Although diabetes technology has seen increased uptake over the past several years, recent innovation in real-time CGM (rtCGM) highlights an opportunity for increased patient engagement and quality improvement in managed care. During this AMCP Northwest Affiliate CE dinner meeting held on April 13, 2023, experts Nicole Ehrhardt, MD and Carly Rodriguez, PharmD, FAMCP, reviewed evidenced-based recommendations supporting the use of rtCGM in a broader population of insulin-treated patients. A panel discussion featuring regional managed care leaders explored the value of rtCGM in optimizing outcomes and reducing resource utilization among members with diabetes.
International diabetes experts recently collaborated to provide recommendations on how to optimize CGM-derived glucose data collection in clinical studies, including the specific glucose metrics and specific glucose metrics that should be evaluated. These consensus recommendations have been endorsed by key professional organizations, including the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, the American Diabetes Association, the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists, Diabetes India, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, the International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes, the Japanese Diabetes Society, and the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation. This recommended standardized approach to CGM data collection and reporting in clinical trials will encourage the use of uniform metrics and enhance the interpretability of CGM data. Managed care and payer professionals should note that these metrics offer a body of useful information beyond HbA1c to inform therapeutic and treatment decisions, particularly related to hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and glucose variability.
Battelino T, Alexander CM, Amiel SA, et al. Continuous glucose monitoring and metrics for clinical trials: an international consensus statement. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2023;11:42-57.
Learn MoreThe 2023 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes found Grade A evidence supporting the use of RT-CGM in adults with T1D or T2D on intensive insulin therapy and in adults with T2D on basal insulin. The American Diabetes Association (ADA) found Grade B evidence supporting the use of RT-CGM in children and adolescents with T1D on intensive insulin therapy and Grade E evidence for use of RT-CGM in children and adolescents with T2D on intensive insulin therapy. When used as an adjunct to pre- and postprandial BGM, RT-CGM can help to achieve HbA1c targets in pregnant patients with diabetes (Grade B). Based on input from experts, the ADA recommends continued access to RT-CGM through third party payers to people who have been using this technology.
American Diabetes Association. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care. 2022; 46(Suppl 1):S111-S27.
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