Evidence
In Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Maintains Accuracy Across Wear Days, Glucose Ranges, and Rates of Glucose Change
December 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication / CGM Innovations
In children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the G7 real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system demonstrated accuracy across wear days, glucose ranges, and rates of glucose change. Over 10.5 days, RT-CGM data from 28 participants aged 2 to 6 years and 127 participants aged 7 to 17 were collected and compared with blood glucose measurements. In young children aged 2 to 6, overall MARD and %20/20 agreement rates were 9.3% and 91.5%, respectively. In older children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years, arm- and abdomen-placed G7 sensor MARD values were 8.1% and 9.0%, respectively, and overall %20/20 values were 95.3% and 92.9%, respectively. These results are consistent with those of the G6 system in children and adolescents with T1D and with an earlier study of the G5 system that evaluated accuracy at different insertion sites. Compared with the G6 RT-CGM system, the G7 has a shorter warm-up period (27 minutes vs 2 hours), making it possible for youth and caregivers of young children to obtain glucose data more quickly for diabetes management decisions. According to the authors, while day 1 accuracy tends to be lower across CGM devices, the accuracy of the G7—coupled with its shorter warm-up period—should improve the sensor experience in young users. The G7 RT-CGM was recently FDA approved for use in all individuals with diabetes aged 2 years and older, and having data specific to use in children and adolescents can be of value for managed care and payer professionals in developing coverage policies.
Laffel LM, Bailey TS, Christiansen MP, Reid JL, Beck SE. Accuracy of a Seventh-Generation Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022:19322968221091816.
Learn MoreG7 Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Demonstrates Accurate Glucose Readings and No Serious Adverse Events in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
December 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication / CGM Innovations
The accuracy and safety of the G7 real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system was demonstrated over 10.5 days of use in adults with diabetes. In the study, adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes—either on intensive insulin therapy or not—wore G7 sensors concurrently on the upper arm and abdomen. Individuals were seen in clinic on days 1 or 2, 4 or 7, and on the second half of day 10 or the first half of day 11 for frequent comparisons with comparator blood glucose measurements obtained with the YSI 2300 Stat Plus glucose analyzer. After analyzing data from 316 participants (619 sensors, 77,774 matched pairs), overall mean absolute relative differences (MARD) between RT-CGM and YSI values for arm- and abdomen-placed sensors were 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. In-clinic glucose manipulations and frequent blood glucose sampling confirmed accurate readings during euglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia (reflected as time in range [TIR], time below range [TBR], and time above range [TAR]), as well as during rapid glucose concentration change. Even at the highest rates of glucose concentration change, MARD values <10% were observed for arm-placed sensors and were <10.5% for abdomen-placed sensors. Offering a smaller size and added features, such as sensor/transmitter integration with a simplified insertion process, the G7 also demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse events reported during the study. With the recent FDA approval of the G7 RT-CGM system, payer professionals may well find value in the accuracy and safety data from this prospective multicenter single-arm study when they are developing coverage criteria.
Garg SK, et al. Accuracy and Safety of Dexcom G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):373-380.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022CGM Technology and Digital Health Article / Publication
Lilly’s new Tempo personalized diabetes management platform features a reusable medical device that attaches to prefilled, disposable insulin pens and sends dose-related data to a compatible app. Patients attach the Tempo Smart Button to the Tempo Pen to send insulin-dose information to TempoSmart. Capturing the data facilitates medication reminders, personalized education resources, and feedback on blood glucose levels, realized through integration with compatible technologies, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) via the Dexcom G6. Labeled a “diabetes ecosystem” solution, the fully integrated combination of devices, drugs, and technology offers an opportunity to adapt to each patient’s unique needs in diabetes management while providing value to both physician and payer stakeholders at the same time.
Learn More2022 Update of the ADA Standards of Medical Care Highlight the Strength of Evidence Supporting rtCGM
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) remains a key technologic advancement recommended for integration into the management of diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care (SOC) 2022. ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT-CGM be offered for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Similarly, the ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT- CGM be used for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on basal insulin. ADA’s criteria for a Grade A designation is defined as clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S97-S112.
Learn MoreWISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
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In Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes, G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Maintains Accuracy Across Wear Days, Glucose Ranges, and Rates of Glucose Change
In children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D), the G7 real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system demonstrated accuracy across wear days, glucose ranges, and rates of glucose change. Over 10.5 days, RT-CGM data from 28 participants aged 2 to 6 years and 127 participants aged 7 to 17 were collected and compared with blood glucose measurements. In young children aged 2 to 6, overall MARD and %20/20 agreement rates were 9.3% and 91.5%, respectively. In older children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years, arm- and abdomen-placed G7 sensor MARD values were 8.1% and 9.0%, respectively, and overall %20/20 values were 95.3% and 92.9%, respectively. These results are consistent with those of the G6 system in children and adolescents with T1D and with an earlier study of the G5 system that evaluated accuracy at different insertion sites. Compared with the G6 RT-CGM system, the G7 has a shorter warm-up period (27 minutes vs 2 hours), making it possible for youth and caregivers of young children to obtain glucose data more quickly for diabetes management decisions. According to the authors, while day 1 accuracy tends to be lower across CGM devices, the accuracy of the G7—coupled with its shorter warm-up period—should improve the sensor experience in young users. The G7 RT-CGM was recently FDA approved for use in all individuals with diabetes aged 2 years and older, and having data specific to use in children and adolescents can be of value for managed care and payer professionals in developing coverage policies.
Laffel LM, Bailey TS, Christiansen MP, Reid JL, Beck SE. Accuracy of a Seventh-Generation Continuous Glucose Monitoring System in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2022:19322968221091816.
Learn MoreG7 Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Demonstrates Accurate Glucose Readings and No Serious Adverse Events in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
December 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication / CGM Innovations
The accuracy and safety of the G7 real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system was demonstrated over 10.5 days of use in adults with diabetes. In the study, adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes—either on intensive insulin therapy or not—wore G7 sensors concurrently on the upper arm and abdomen. Individuals were seen in clinic on days 1 or 2, 4 or 7, and on the second half of day 10 or the first half of day 11 for frequent comparisons with comparator blood glucose measurements obtained with the YSI 2300 Stat Plus glucose analyzer. After analyzing data from 316 participants (619 sensors, 77,774 matched pairs), overall mean absolute relative differences (MARD) between RT-CGM and YSI values for arm- and abdomen-placed sensors were 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. In-clinic glucose manipulations and frequent blood glucose sampling confirmed accurate readings during euglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia (reflected as time in range [TIR], time below range [TBR], and time above range [TAR]), as well as during rapid glucose concentration change. Even at the highest rates of glucose concentration change, MARD values <10% were observed for arm-placed sensors and were <10.5% for abdomen-placed sensors. Offering a smaller size and added features, such as sensor/transmitter integration with a simplified insertion process, the G7 also demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse events reported during the study. With the recent FDA approval of the G7 RT-CGM system, payer professionals may well find value in the accuracy and safety data from this prospective multicenter single-arm study when they are developing coverage criteria.
Garg SK, et al. Accuracy and Safety of Dexcom G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):373-380.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022CGM Technology and Digital Health Article / Publication
Lilly’s new Tempo personalized diabetes management platform features a reusable medical device that attaches to prefilled, disposable insulin pens and sends dose-related data to a compatible app. Patients attach the Tempo Smart Button to the Tempo Pen to send insulin-dose information to TempoSmart. Capturing the data facilitates medication reminders, personalized education resources, and feedback on blood glucose levels, realized through integration with compatible technologies, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) via the Dexcom G6. Labeled a “diabetes ecosystem” solution, the fully integrated combination of devices, drugs, and technology offers an opportunity to adapt to each patient’s unique needs in diabetes management while providing value to both physician and payer stakeholders at the same time.
Learn More2022 Update of the ADA Standards of Medical Care Highlight the Strength of Evidence Supporting rtCGM
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) remains a key technologic advancement recommended for integration into the management of diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care (SOC) 2022. ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT-CGM be offered for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Similarly, the ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT- CGM be used for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on basal insulin. ADA’s criteria for a Grade A designation is defined as clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S97-S112.
Learn MoreWISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
G7 Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring System Demonstrates Accurate Glucose Readings and No Serious Adverse Events in Adults with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes
The accuracy and safety of the G7 real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) system was demonstrated over 10.5 days of use in adults with diabetes. In the study, adults with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes—either on intensive insulin therapy or not—wore G7 sensors concurrently on the upper arm and abdomen. Individuals were seen in clinic on days 1 or 2, 4 or 7, and on the second half of day 10 or the first half of day 11 for frequent comparisons with comparator blood glucose measurements obtained with the YSI 2300 Stat Plus glucose analyzer. After analyzing data from 316 participants (619 sensors, 77,774 matched pairs), overall mean absolute relative differences (MARD) between RT-CGM and YSI values for arm- and abdomen-placed sensors were 8.2% and 9.1%, respectively. In-clinic glucose manipulations and frequent blood glucose sampling confirmed accurate readings during euglycemia, hypoglycemia, and hyperglycemia (reflected as time in range [TIR], time below range [TBR], and time above range [TAR]), as well as during rapid glucose concentration change. Even at the highest rates of glucose concentration change, MARD values <10% were observed for arm-placed sensors and were <10.5% for abdomen-placed sensors. Offering a smaller size and added features, such as sensor/transmitter integration with a simplified insertion process, the G7 also demonstrated a favorable safety profile, with no serious adverse events reported during the study. With the recent FDA approval of the G7 RT-CGM system, payer professionals may well find value in the accuracy and safety data from this prospective multicenter single-arm study when they are developing coverage criteria.
Garg SK, et al. Accuracy and Safety of Dexcom G7 Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Adults with Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):373-380.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022CGM Technology and Digital Health Article / Publication
Lilly’s new Tempo personalized diabetes management platform features a reusable medical device that attaches to prefilled, disposable insulin pens and sends dose-related data to a compatible app. Patients attach the Tempo Smart Button to the Tempo Pen to send insulin-dose information to TempoSmart. Capturing the data facilitates medication reminders, personalized education resources, and feedback on blood glucose levels, realized through integration with compatible technologies, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) via the Dexcom G6. Labeled a “diabetes ecosystem” solution, the fully integrated combination of devices, drugs, and technology offers an opportunity to adapt to each patient’s unique needs in diabetes management while providing value to both physician and payer stakeholders at the same time.
Learn More2022 Update of the ADA Standards of Medical Care Highlight the Strength of Evidence Supporting rtCGM
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) remains a key technologic advancement recommended for integration into the management of diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care (SOC) 2022. ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT-CGM be offered for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Similarly, the ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT- CGM be used for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on basal insulin. ADA’s criteria for a Grade A designation is defined as clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S97-S112.
Learn MoreWISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
Lilly’s new Tempo personalized diabetes management platform features a reusable medical device that attaches to prefilled, disposable insulin pens and sends dose-related data to a compatible app. Patients attach the Tempo Smart Button to the Tempo Pen to send insulin-dose information to TempoSmart. Capturing the data facilitates medication reminders, personalized education resources, and feedback on blood glucose levels, realized through integration with compatible technologies, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) via the Dexcom G6. Labeled a “diabetes ecosystem” solution, the fully integrated combination of devices, drugs, and technology offers an opportunity to adapt to each patient’s unique needs in diabetes management while providing value to both physician and payer stakeholders at the same time.
Learn More2022 Update of the ADA Standards of Medical Care Highlight the Strength of Evidence Supporting rtCGM
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) remains a key technologic advancement recommended for integration into the management of diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care (SOC) 2022. ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT-CGM be offered for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Similarly, the ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT- CGM be used for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on basal insulin. ADA’s criteria for a Grade A designation is defined as clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S97-S112.
Learn MoreWISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
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2022 Update of the ADA Standards of Medical Care Highlight the Strength of Evidence Supporting rtCGM
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) remains a key technologic advancement recommended for integration into the management of diabetes according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care (SOC) 2022. ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT-CGM be offered for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on multiple daily injections (MDI) of insulin or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Similarly, the ADA assigned Grade A evidence to the recommendation that RT- CGM be used for diabetes management in adults with diabetes on basal insulin. ADA’s criteria for a Grade A designation is defined as clear evidence from well-conducted, generalizable randomized controlled trials that are adequately powered.
American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee, et al. 7. Diabetes Technology: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl 1):S97-S112.
Learn MoreWISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
November 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
WISDM Trial: Hypoglycemia Avoidance Associated with rtCGM Sustained Out to 12 Months in Older Adults
The Wireless Innovation for Seniors with Diabetes Mellitus (WISDM) randomized clinical trial (RCT) featured a 26-week phase comparing real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) with blood glucose monitoring (BGM) in 203 adults aged ≥60 years with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Of the 198 participants who completed the RCT, 98% of RT-CGM group participants continued (CGM-CGM cohort) and 98% of BGM group participants crossed over to CGM (BGM-CGM cohort) for an additional 26 weeks. In the BGM-CGM cohort, median time <70 mg/dL decreased from 3.9% to 1.9% (P<0.001), TIR increased from 56% to 60% (P=0.006) and HbA1c decreased from 7.5% to 7.3% (P=0.025). Severe hypoglycemic events were reported for 9 participants while using BGM during the RCT and for only 2 participants during the extension phase with RT-CGM (P=0.02), indicating a sustained benefit of hypoglycemia avoidance in older adults out to 12 months.
Miller KM, et al. Benefit of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Reducing Hypoglycemia Is Sustained Through 12 Months of Use Among Older Adults with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2022;24(6):424-434.
Learn MoreNovember 11, 2022Clinical Outcomes Guidelines / Policy
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
According to the 2022 American Association of Clinical Endocrinology (AACE) Clinical Practice Guideline, CGM is recommended for all persons with T1D, regardless of insulin delivery system, to improve A1C levels and to reduce the risk for hypoglycemia and DKA. The updated guideline likewise recommends CGM for those with T2D who are treated with insulin therapy, or who have high risk for hypoglycemia and/or who have hypoglycemia unawareness. These recommendations are Grade A—indicating the highest strength made by the AACE—and are supported by the best evidence level available, based on data from randomized controlled trials. Managed care and payer professionals should take note of this latest guideline as part of the growing body of consensus recommendations supporting the coverage of CGM in a broader population of members with diabetes.
Blonde L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guideline: Developing a Diabetes Mellitus Comprehensive Care Plan-2022 Update. Endocr Pract. 2022;28(10):923-1049.
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
This feasibility study of critically ill patients with COVID19 in a single medical ICU (MICU) wearing Dexcom G6 concluded real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) systems can be successfully implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation approach. Nurses indicated RT-CGM provided an overall time savings and decreased the time spent in COVID19 rooms
Faulds ER, et al. Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. Endocr Pract. 2021;27(4):354-361.
Learn MoreContinuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Sign Up To Stay Current On The Latest Coverage
Updates, Recent News, And Resources
Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients With Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial
This randomized control trial (RCT) of 185 general medicine and surgery patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes found real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) safe and effective for guiding insulin therapy in hospitalized patients treated with a basal-bolus insulin regimen compared with a point-of-care (POC) group with blinded CGM and POC-guided insulin adjustments. RT- CGM resulted in a similar improvement in glycemic control and a significant reduction of recurrent hypoglycemia among patients with one or more hypoglycemic events compared with POC group.
Spanakis, EK et al. Continuous Glucose Monitoring–Guided Insulin Administration in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Diabetes Care. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(10):2369-2375.
Learn MorePractical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes
This publication describes a retrospective analysis of an inpatient real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) program at a community hospital and the accuracy of the system. Authors concluded RT-CGM for inpatient diabetes monitoring is feasible, is a reliable comparator to POC (point-of-care) testing, prevents adverse patient outcomes through safe and timely treatment decisions, and poses minimal risk when used for management decisions. A corresponding podcast is available below.
Baker M, et al. Practical Implementation of Remote Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022;79(6):452-458.
Learn MoreManagement of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
November 9, 2022Clinical Outcomes Article / Publication
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More
Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
A clinical practice guideline for inpatient hyperglycemia management from the Endocrine Society was published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. The guideline focuses on hyperglycemia management in non-critically ill hospitalized patients and highlights the use of emerging diabetes technology, including real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM), for glycemic management in the hospital. Based on available evidence, the guideline recommends use of RT-CGM with confirmatory point-of-care (POC) testing for insulin dosing decisions in adults with insulin-treated diabetes hospitalized for noncritical illness who are at high risk of hypoglycemia.
Korytkowski M, et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Hospitalized Adult Patients in Non-Critical Care Settings: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022;107(8):2101-2128.
Learn More